Shalya Tantra, also known as Shalya Chikitsa, is a specialized branch of Ayurveda that deals with surgical interventions for the management and treatment of various diseases and conditions. The term "Shalya" refers to "foreign bodies" or "surgical procedures," and Shalya Tantra encompasses the knowledge and techniques used in surgical practice within Ayurveda.

Shalya Tantra focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of conditions that require surgical intervention. It includes the treatment of traumatic injuries, fractures, wounds, abscesses, tumors, and other surgical ailments. The branch encompasses both minor procedures like incision, excision, and drainage, as well as major surgeries such as hernia repair, fistula treatment, and joint dislocation reduction.

The knowledge and practice of Shalya Tantra in Ayurveda are based on ancient texts and teachings. Ayurvedic surgeons (Shalya Vaidyas) undergo specialized training in surgical techniques, including sterilization procedures, wound management, and postoperative care. They employ various tools and instruments, both traditional and modern, to perform surgeries with precision and minimal invasiveness.

Shalya Tantra not only focuses on the physical aspect of surgery but also emphasizes the holistic approach of Ayurveda. It considers the patient's overall health, doshic imbalances, and constitutional factors in determining the most appropriate surgical intervention and postoperative care.

The branch also incorporates the principles of Sushruta Samhita, an ancient Ayurvedic text that extensively covers surgical procedures and techniques. Sushruta, considered the father of surgery in Ayurveda, described various surgical instruments, suturing techniques, and methods to control bleeding and pain.

Shalya Tantra also recognizes the importance of preoperative and postoperative care. It emphasizes the use of herbal medicines, diet modifications, lifestyle recommendations, and specialized wound management techniques to support the healing process and prevent complications.

While modern medicine has its own advanced surgical techniques, Shalya Tantra offers a unique perspective by integrating Ayurvedic principles and practices into surgical interventions. It highlights the holistic nature of Ayurveda, addressing the physical, mental, and spiritual aspects of healing.